In Muon-trained language models the constant-LR population gradient is mostly a period-2 bounce. We measure this and test its consequences for momentum and batc
We test direct copy-stacking (G_stack; Du et al., 2024) in a new recipe: a Muon + AdamW model trained on a warmup-stable-decay schedule whose linear warmdown ov
Hashed n-gram input tables (Over-Encoding) buy prediction with stored parameters instead of FLOPs. We measure how to spend that budget in a 26M-parameter Muon-t